Real Options and Discounted Cash Flow Analysis to Assess Strategic Investment Projects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/eb-2017-0008Keywords:
Discounted cash flow analysis, real options, strategic investment projects, uncertaintyAbstract
In today’s uncertain and highly competitive business environment, the difficulty to make strategic investment decisions is growing. The dominant discounted cash flow analysis requires the assumption of perfect certainty of project cash flows. However, under uncertainty traditional DCF approach falls short of providing adequate strategic decision support, and this situation demands new methods for investment evaluation. Real options approach (ROA) has shown the potential for valuation of strategic corporate investment decisions and managerial flexibility in situations of high uncertainty. Under ROA, projects are viewed as real options that can be valued using financial option pricing techniques. This framework allows their owner to keep investment options open and to benefit from the upside potential of an opportunity while controlling the downside risk. The main aim of this research is to investigate the feasibility of real options approach and traditional DCF analysis for assessment of strategic investment projects under environmental uncertainty.References
Adler, R. W. (2000). Strategic investment decision appraisal techniques: The old and the new. Business Horizons, 43(6), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0007-6813(00)80017-8
Amram, M., & Kulatilaka N. (1999). Real Options: Managing Strategic Investment in an Uncertain World. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Andor, G., Mohanty, S. K., & Toth, T. (2015). Capital budgeting practices: A survey of Central and Eastern European firms. Emerging Markets Review, 23, 148-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2015.04.002
Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 637-654. https://doi.org/10.1086/260062
Block, S. (2007). Are “Real Options” Actually Used in the Real World? The Engineering Economist, 52(3), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/00137910701503910
Chittenden, F., & Derregia, M. (2015). Uncertainty, irreversibility and the use of “rules of thumb” in capital budgeting. The British Accounting Review, 47(3), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2013.12.003
Damodaran, A. (1998). The Promise and Peril of Real Options. Working Paper, New York, 1-75.
Dessureault, S., & Scoble, M. J. (2000). Capital investment appraisal for the integration of new technology into mining systems. Mining Technology, 109(1), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1179/mnt.2000.109.1.30
Eschenbach, T., Lewis, N., Henrie, M., Baker, E., & Hartman, J. C. (2007). Real Options and Real Engineering Projects. Engineering Management Journal, 19(4), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2007.11431744
Ghahremani, M., Aghaie, A., & Abedzadeh, M. (2012). Capital Budgeting Technique Selection through Four Decades: With a Great Focus on Real Option. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(17), 98-119. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n17p98
Hull, J. C. (2000). Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Krychowski, C., & Quélin, B. V. (2010). Real Options and Strategic Investment Decisions: Can They Be of Use to Scholars? Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2010.51827776
Locatelli, G., Invernizzi, D. C., & Mancini, M. (2016). Investment and risk appraisal in energy storage systems: A real options approach. Energy, 104, 114-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.098
Luehrman, T. A. (1998). Investment opportunities as real options: getting started on the numbers. Harvard Business Review, July/August, 51-67.
Martín-Barrera, G., Zamora-Ramírez, C., & González-González, J. M. (2016). Application of real options valuation for analysing the impact of public R&D financing on renewable energy projects: A company′s perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 63, 292-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.073
Martínez Ceseña, E. A., Mutale, J., & Rivas-Dávalos, F. (2013). Real options theory applied to electricity generation projects: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 573-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.059
Merton, R. C. (1973). Theory of Rational Option Pricing. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 4(1), 141-183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003143
Miller, L. T., & Park, C. S. (2002). Decision making under uncertainty-real options to the rescue? The Engineering Economist, 47(2), 105-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00137910208965029
Mun, J. (2006). Real Options Analysis: Tools and Techniques for Valuing Strategic Investments and Decisions. New Jersey: Wiley.
Park, C. S., & Herath, H. S. B. (2000). Exploiting Uncertainty-Investment Opportunities as Real Options: a new way of thinking in Engineering Economics. The Engineering Economist, 45(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00137910008967534
Pivorienė, A. (2015). Flexibility valuation under uncertain economic conditions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 436-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.563
Pless, J., Arent, D. J., Logan, J., Cochran, J., & Zinaman, O. (2016). Quantifying the value of investing in distributed natural gas and renewable electricity systems as complements: Applications of discounted cash flow and real options analysis with stochastic inputs. Energy Policy, 97, 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.07.002
Regan, C. M., Bryan, B. A., Connor, J. D., Meyer, W. S., Ostendorf, B., Zhu, Z., & Bao, C. (2015). Real options analysis for land use management: Methods, application, and implications for policy. Journal of Environmental Management, 161, 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.004
Ryan, P. A., & Ryan, G. P. (2002). Capital Budgeting Practices of the Fortune 1000: How Have Things Changed? Journal of Business & Management, 8, 355-364.
Schachter, J. A., & Mancarella, P. (2016). A critical review of Real Options thinking for valuing investment flexibility in Smart Grids and low carbon energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.071
Schober, F., & Gebauer, J. (2011). How much to spend on flexibility? Determining the value of information system flexibility. Decision Support Systems, 51(3), 638-647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.03.004
Slater, S. F., Reddy, V. K., & Zwirlein, T. J. (1998). Complementing Discounted Cash Flow Analysis with Options Analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 27, 447-458.
Thomas, R. (2001). Business value analysis: ‐ coping with unruly uncertainty. Strategy & Leadership, 29(2), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570110695129
Topal, E. (2008). Evaluation of a mining project using discounted cash flow analysis, decision tree analysis, Monte Carlo simulations and real options using an example. International Journal of Mining and Mineral Engineering, 1(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmme.2008.020457
Trigeorgis, L. (2000). Real options: Managerial Flexibility and Strategy in Resource Allocation (5th ed.). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Wang, A., & Halal, W. (2010). Comparison of Real Asset Valuation Models: A Literature Review. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(5), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n5p14
Yeo, K. T., & Qiu, F. (2003). The value of management flexibility-a real option approach to investment evaluation. International Journal of Project Management, 21(4), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(02)00025-x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Agnė Pivorienė (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.